History of education in Russia

The collection is dedicated to the history of the development of the education system in Russia, state policy in the field of education and enlightenment from the times of Ancient Rus' to the present, including the process of formation of educational institutions in the provinces, as well as modern federal districts. The collection involves materials about the evolution of teaching methods, the history of the creation and functioning of the most significant educational institutions, as well as biographies of outstanding teachers and mentors.

First of all, the documents that illustrate the organization of the educational process and the activity of educational authorities in the Russian Federation, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, as well as the creation and functioning of public organizations of teachers and mentors are considered.

In the section on the history of education, the documents and studies are differentiated according to the structure of educational levels: primary, secondary and higher. The period from the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century reveals the history of primary education institutions: parish, Sunday and zemstvo schools, city and volost schools. The secondary education system consisted of pro-gymnasiums, gymnasiums, special schools, as well as numerous military institutions: artillery schools, cadet corps, cadet schools, etc. In addition, the materials cover spiritual, pedagogical, technical and even theatrical education. A special section is devoted to the development of women's education in Russia.

The higher education system is revealed through the history of the largest universities: St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State University, as well as federal universities, in particular, Kazan University (Volga Federal University), which affirmative letter was signed by Emperor Alexander I. The eras of Alexander I and Alexander II stand out especially when reforms in the field of education took place: the Ministry of People's education, the education system at all levels developed, and privileged and private educational institutions also appeared. There was an active development of the legislative framework as charters of gymnasiums and universities were adopted.

The collection contains documents about the history and activities of the main federal and regional higher institutions of Russia in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet times. The period after the Revolution of 1917 is associated with the emergence of new governing bodies, such as the Council of Scientific Institutions and Higher Educational Institutions, the People's Commissariat for Education, literacy commissions - educational programs, etc. It includes materials about the Soviet reorganization of universities, technical schools and workers' faculties, about the creation of a Unified Labor schools, factory apprenticeship schools (FZU), organizing socialist contests between them, etc.

The collection includes sections about famous teachers and mentors, as well as a list of periodicals related to the history of education.