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Birthday of the founder of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum, editor of the Tobolsk Provincial Gazette, Siberian local historian Ivan Nikolaevich Yushkov
Ivan Nikolaevich Yushkov was born on August 30 (September 11), 1833 in Tobolsk in the family of the priest of the Tobolsk St. Sophia Cathedral, Nikolai Andreevich Yushkov. After graduating from the Tobolsk Theological Seminary in 1852, he was appointed teacher of the parish school in his hometown. In 1853 he was appointed assistant inspector, and then acting inspector. For his diligent service he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, III degree, and St. Anne, III degree.
Three years later, he left the clergy and moved to public service in the Tobolsk general city administration. In 1858 he was promoted to collegiate registrar, then to provincial secretary. In 1859 he was approved as editor of the Tobolsk Provincial Gazette. He held this position for 10 years, at the same time being the superintendent of the printing house and the manager of the newspaper desk. He published theater reviews and studied history, ethnography and economics of the region. His most significant works “Siberian Tatars”, “A Brief Essay on Industry and Trade in the Tobolsk Province”, “The Past of Trade in Western Siberia” are available in the scientific archive of the Tobolsk Museum.
In 1870, during a trip to Obdorsk to the fair (by order of Governor General Sologub, to collect statistical information about the fair), he acquired a large collection of Ostyak items, both from personal funds and from the funds of the statistical committee. These exhibits, including the bones of “antediluvian” animals (a walrus skull and a tusk), formed the basis of the first local history museum in Siberia created on April 8 (20), 1870 in Tobolsk on the initiative of I. N. Yushkov (now the Tobolsk State Historical Museum). Throughout his life, Ivan Yushkov collected and acquired museum objects with his own small funds, and also donated personal documents, including photo materials, to the museum collections.
Based on more than 350 items in archaeology, paleontology, ethnography and industry, exhibitions were prepared, presented in 1870 at the All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition, and in 1874 in St. Petersburg at the exhibition of spinning plants and their processing technology. The most valuable exhibits were sent in 1876 to St. Petersburg for the II International Congress of Orientalists and in 1882 to the Moscow Industrial and Art Exhibition, where they were highly praised.
The library of the statistical committee, also created on the initiative of Ivan Yushkov, by the time was transferred to the Tobolsk Provincial Museum society and had rich content and included 323 titles (557 volumes). The library included publications from the Tobolsk printing house of the Korniliev merchants, works by Miller, Sulotsky, Abramov and other explorers of Siberia. Maps, manuscripts, plans, photographs, as well as an old, large, engraved full-length portrait of Ermak were presented. Ivan Yushkov conducted extensive correspondence with scientific societies of Russia, stocked the library with materials on the history of Siberia and can rightfully be considered its first librarian.
Unique objects and the library formed the core of the museum, which subsequently developed and expanded. Over time, the museum's successors rightly assessed the historical significance of the first (Yushkovsky) period. Ivan Yushkov managed to pass on his love and interest in history to his sons Alexander and Panteleimon.
Ivan Yushkov died on March 13 (25), 1877 at the age of 44 in Tobolsk from throat consumption. His son, Alexander (historian and archaeographer), preserved the family archive, which was donated by I. N. Yushkov’s granddaughter, Sofia Aleksandrovna Yushkova, in 1971 as a gift to the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve.
Лит.: Жучкова Л. Н. Вклад в сохранение истории / Л. Н. Жучкова // Реликвариум. 2015. № 5. С. 34–37; Исламова Д. Развитие краеведения и музейного дела в Тобольской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв. / Д. Исламова; ТюмГНГУ, НИИ Истории науки и техники Зауралья. Тюмень, 2014; Крамор Г. Периодическая печать Тобольской губернии: обзор истории / Г. Крамор // Печатные СМИ Тюменской области: век XIX – век XXI / ред.: В. С. Горбачев, А. В. Туринцев. Тюмень, 2013. Т. 1. С. 6–59.
Based on the Presidential Library’s materials:
Тюменская область: страницы истории: [цифровая коллекция];
The article has been prepared by the Tyumen branch of the Presidential Library