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Birth of Russian polar explorer, writer, ethnographer Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov
Konstantin Dmitrievich Nosilov was born on October 17 (29), 1858 in the village of Maslyanskoye, Krestovsky volost, Shadrinsky district, Perm province (now Kurgan Region) in the family of a village priest. From 1868 he studied at the Dalmatov Monastery, and later at the Perm Theological Seminary, from which he was expelled “for lack of diligence”.
After his expulsion in 1877, he began working as a geologist at the Bogoslovsky factories in the Northern Urals (Verkhotursky district of the Perm province). During this period (1877–1880), he was successfully engaged in geological research related to the search for and mining of gold in the Northern Urals - along the Northern Sosva and Pechora rivers - and joined the expeditions to the Lyalya River. He published the results of his research in various publications, in particular, in the “Mining Journal” and the newspaper “Ekaterinburg Week” (1879, June 14 (26)).
1882, Nosilov presented to the Russian Imperial Geographical Society a project for an expedition to the Northern Urals to study the basins of the Northern Sosva and Sylva rivers. In accordance with this project, in 1883 the Second Northern Expedition was organized for comprehensive natural science research. Continuing to study the nature of the Northern Urals, in 1884 Nosilov examined the passes from the Ob to Pechora in the subpolar part of the Urals - from Shchugor to Voykar. In the spring of 1885, the expedition began extensive exploration of gold along the mountain tributaries of the Northern Sosva. In total, 30 pits were made, 1,168 pounds of sand were taken out, which after washing yielded 717 shares of gold.
In 1893, Konstantin Nosilov went on his first expedition to Yamal. In order to study the relief of the peninsula, the researcher walked from the Kara coast to Kharasavey.
Nosilov became one of the founders of the Arctic tradition of long-term wintering, spending the winters of 1887, 1888, 1891. on Novaya Zemlya, where he conducted geological research and mapped 300 miles of uncharted terrain. K. D. Nosilov installed the first weather station in the northern latitudes, equipping it according to the instructions of the Main Physical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences, which made it possible to conduct stationary weather observations.
Konstantin Nosilov’s comprehensive research contributed to strengthening Russia’s position in the North and made a significant contribution to science. For his research work, he was awarded the title of corresponding member of the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers, associate member of the Russian Geographical Society, full member of the Mineralogical Society. The name of the researcher was included in the famous Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. A. Brockhaus and E. A. Efron, published in St. Petersburg in 1897.
1914, Nosilov entered into an agreement with the government of the Russian Empire for the construction of a river canal through the Yamal Peninsula from Baydaratskaya Bay to Ob Bay. In 1916, he organized an expedition to Yamal and the Ob North to study the possibility of a waterway from Er-Yaga to Novy Port and the construction of ports on capes Yamsale and Mare-Sale. According to K. D. Nosilov’s plan, a waterway was to be built from the mouth of the Saletta River to Lake Talen-To, and then a canal to the Yuribey River with the construction of locks. In 1920, the Soviet government became interested in these northern projects, and K. D. Nosilov joined the scientific substantiation of polar expeditions.
Nosilov thoroughly studied the life, language, folklore, religion of the northern peoples, in particular, the peoples of the Tyumen North. He presented his knowledge in books, newspaper and magazine essays. As a correspondent for the Russian Telegraph Agency, he collaborated with several all-Russian and Ural newspapers. He wrote most of his works at his dacha near Shadrinsk.
The established life of Nosilov’s family was destroyed by the revolution of 1917. In 1921, he settled with his family in Abkhazia, in the town of Pilenkovo (now the village of Gantiadi, Gagra region), where he died on February 3, 1923. He was buried in the local rural cemetery near the ancient Tsandripsh temple.
Konstantin Nosilov was one of the first in Russia to use a camera for scientific research in the north. Unfortunately, after his death, hundreds of negatives disappeared. His handwritten archive, amounting to several thousand pages of text, also disappeared.
Лит.: Авакумова Н. Золотая строка Константина Носилова // Югра. 2009. № 11. С. 68–73; Аввакумов Д. Великие сыны русского Севера // Эринтур (поющее озеро): альманах писателей Югры / главный редактор Н. И. Коняев. Екатеринбург, 2011. Вып. № 16. С. 203–216; Носилов К.Д. Дедушка Савва и его внуки; Полярная весна. Из книги «Северные рассказы» // Хрестоматия тюменских писателей. Т. 1. XVII–70-е гг. XX вв. / ред.-сост. Н. И. Коняев. Тюмень, 2015. С. 168–184; Носилов К.Д. На Новой Земле: очерки и наброски / сост. Ю. Л. Мандрика. Тюмень, 1997; Носилов К.Д. Северные рассказы: [сборник]. М., 2021; Носилов К.Д. У вогулов: Очерки и наброски / сост. Ю.Л. Мандрика. Тюмень, 1997; Огрызко В.В. Лица и лики: литература малочисленных народов Севера и Дальнего Востока: биобиблиографический словарь. М., 2013. Т. 1. С. 241–242; Огрызко В. Носилов Константин Дмитриевич // Отечественные исследователи коренных малочисленных народов Севера и Дальнего Востока: биобиблиографический словарь. М., 2013. С. 410–412; Омельчук А.К. К. Носилов. Свердловск, 1989; Созина Е. К. Этнографически-колониальный субтекст в составе сибирского текста: по произведениям К. Носилова и П. Инфантьева // Сибирский текст в национальном сюжетном пространстве: колл. монография / отв. ред. К.В. Анисимов. М., 2014. С. 104–126.
Based on the Presidential Library's materials:
Носилов К.Д. Исторические памятники племени Маньсы // Тридцать пятое заседание Антропологического отдела 26 февраля 1885 года / Носилов К. Д. 1890 [Доступно в электронном читальном зале];
Носилов К.Д. У вогулов: очерки и наброски. СПб., 1904.
Носилов К.Д. История одной полярной зимовки: рассказ. М., 1913;
Носилов К.Д. В снегах: рассказы из жизни северных инородцев: с рисунками. М., 1914;
Носилов К.Д. Северный морской путь в навигацию 1914 года. Б. м., [1914].
The article has been prepared by the Tyumen branch of the Presidential Library