Soviet and Russian pilot-cosmonauts

Commander “Vostok-1". The first cosmonaut of the planet. April 12, 1961 at 09:07 Moscow time, he made the first ever in the history of mankind flight into space on the ship "Vostok-1". The flight passed in a near-earth orbit at altitudes of 181-327 km and lasted 108 minutes. Y. A. Gagarin flew around the globe and landed safely near the village of Smelovka, the Ternovskiy district of the Saratov region. April 14, 1961 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Y. A. Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the medal "Gold Star"

Commander "Vostok-2". He made the first long-duration space flight (01 days 01 hour and 18 minutes) on August 6-7, 1961. The youngest cosmonaut in history

Commander "Vostok-3", "Soyuz-9". On Vostok-3 on August 11-15, 1962, he made the first long-duration flight in the history of cosmonautics (03 days 22 hours 22 minutes) and the first group space flight on August 12-15 together with “Vostok-4”, piloted by P. V Popovich. From June 1 to 19, 1970, as commander of “Soyuz-9” together with V. I. Sevastyanov, he made a flight of 17 days, 16 hours and 58 minutes. This was the first flight, during which the cosmonauts worked in orbit without spacesuits

Commander "Vostok-4", "Soyuz-14". Together with “Vostok-3” on August 12-15, 1962, he made the first group space flight in the world. On July 3-19, 1974, Soyuz-14, together with flight engineer Y. P. Artyukhin, docked with the first military orbital station of the “Almaz”—“Salyut-3” program

Commander "Vostok-5", "Soyuz-22", "Soyuz-31". Flight "Vostok-5", June 14-19, 1963, was held jointly with the flight "Vostok-6", piloted by the first woman cosmonaut V. V. Tereshkova. On the “Soyuz-22”, September 15-23, 1976, the multifilament space camera MKF-6, jointly developed by the USSR and the GDR, was first used. The flight "Soyuz-31", August 26 - November 2, 1978, for the first time passed with the cosmonaut from the GDR Zygmund Jen

Commander "Vostok-6". The world's first woman astronaut, and also the only woman in the world who made a space flight alone. The duration of the “Vostok-6” flight, June 16-19, 1963 was 02 days 22 hours and 40 minutes, and 48 revolutions were made around the Earth. Simultaneously with "Vostok-6" in space there was a ship "Vostok-5", which was piloted by V. F. Bykovsky

Commander "Voskhod-1", "Soyuz-1". During the flight that took place on October 12-13, 1964, the world's first multi-seated spaceship “Voskhod-1” was used, on board of which there were 3 people: in addition to commander V. M. Komarov, researcher K. P. Feoktistov and a doctor B. B. Yegorov. Due to the limited space of the spacecraft, the astronauts conducted a flight without spacesuits. During the flight on the “Soyuz-1”, April 23-24, 1967, V. M. Komarov died during the landing

Engineer-developer of ships and orbital stations, the first civilian in space and the only Soviet cosmonaut who was not a member of the CPSU. As a research fellow he was a member of the crew of the first multi-seat ship “Voskhod-1” (together with commander V. M. Komarov and doctor B. B.Yegorov)

Colonel of the medical service, doctor of medical sciences, the first doctor who flew into space. He was a member of the crew of the first multi-seat ship "Voskhod-1" (together with Commander V. M. Komarov and research fellow K. P. Feoktistov)

Commander "Voskhod-2". On March 18-19, he flew into space as a ship commander. During the flight, which lasted 01 days 02 hours and 02 minutes, the second pilot A. A. Leonov made the world's first spacewalk

The second pilot “Voskhod-2”, commander of “Soyuz-19”. During the flight on “Voskhod-2” on March 18, 1965, for the first time in the world, he made an exit into Open Space. In free flight A. Leonov was 12 minutes and 9 seconds, separated from the ship for a distance of more than 5 meters. As commander of the “Soyuz-19” spacecraft, on July 15-21, 1975, he made the first international space flight with docking with the American spacecraft Apollo in the framework of the “Soyuz-Apollo” project

Commander of “Soyuz-3”. The main mission of the flight, held October 26-30, 1968, was to test the docking system. G. T. Beregovoi tried to manually make a docking with an unmanned ship Soyuz-2 in the shadow of the Earth, but because of an error in the orientation of the spacecraft could not produce it

Commander "Soyuz-4", "Soyuz-8", "Soyuz-10". During the flight of “Soyuz-4”, January 14-17, 1969, V. A. Shatalov docked with “Soyuz-5”. The cosmonauts E. V. Khrunov and A. S. Yeliseev, who were there, took to Open Space and moved to “Soyuz-4”. This transition was an element of preparation for the proposed flight to the moon. The flight to “Soyuz-8”, October 13-18, 1969, with V. A. Shatalov and A. S. Yeliseev was carried out jointly with “Soyuz-6” and “Soyuz-7”. Thus, there were at once three manned space vehicles and seven cosmonauts in space. During the third flight of V. A. Shatalov aboard “Soyuz-10” with flight engineer A. S. Yeliseev and research engineer N. N. Rukavishnikov because of an error, it was impossible to dock with the orbital station “Salyut-1” and the flight program was not carried out

Commander "Soyuz-5", "Soyuz-21". Commander of the “Soyuz-5”, which on January 16, 1969, docked with “Soyuz-4”. During her cosmonauts "Soyuz-5" A. S. Yeliseev and E. V. Khrunov went into Open Space and moved to "Soyuz-4". The “Soyuz-21” flight was conducted within the framework of the secret military program "Almaz" (in the course of it a series of orbital stations was designed for the tasks of the USSR Ministry of Defence)

Flight engineer “Soyuz-5”, “Soyuz-8”, “Soyuz-10”. During the flight of “Soyuz-5”, January 15-18, 1969, together with E. V. Khrunov went into Open Space and moved to the docked “Soyuz-4”. He participated in the group flight to “Soyuz-8”, October 13-18, 1969: simultaneously in space there were just three spacecraft (Soyuz-6, 7, 8) and seven cosmonauts. As flight engineer took part in the flight to “Soyuz-10”, on April 22-24, 1971, together with commander V. A. Shatalov and research engineer N. N. Rukavishnikov

Flight engineer “Soyuz-7”, “Soyuz-11”. As a flight engineer, he was a member of the crew of “Soyuz-7”, October 12-17, 1969, during the group flight of three spacecraft (Soyuz-6, 7, 8). He died during the landing of “Soyuz-11” due to depressurization on June 29, 1971, along with the rest of the crew: commander G. T. Dobrovolsky and research engineer V. I. Patsayev

Flight engineer “Soyuz-7”, commander of “Soyuz-24”, “Soyuz-37”. Participated in the group flight of three spacecraft, “Soyuz-6, 7, 8”, October 12-17, 1969. He was in the crew of “Soyuz-24”, which took place on February 7-25, 1977, an expedition to the orbital station “Salyut-5”. In the framework of the program "Intercosmos" together with the cosmonaut from Vietnam Pham Tuan took part in the flight "Soyuz-37" July 23 - October 11, 1980.

Flight engineer “Soyuz-9”, “Soyuz-18”. From June 1 to 19, 1970, as a flight engineer, “Soyuz-9”, together with A. G. Nikolaev, made a flight of 17 days 16 hours and 58 minutes. It was the first flight, during which the cosmonauts worked in orbit without spacesuits. Also, a record was set for the duration of an autonomous flight (without docking with an orbital station), not beaten until now. He was part of the crew of “Soyuz-18” together with Commander P. I. Klimukov. The second expedition to the station "Salyut-4"

Flight engineer “Soyuz-16”, commander of “Soyuz-33”. The flight of the “Soyuz-16”, December 2-8, 1974, was part of the preparation of the joint Soviet-American project Soyuz-Apollo. Commander of "Soyuz-33", which was held on April 10-12, 1979, under the "Intercosmos" program with the cosmonaut from Bulgaria G. I. Ivanov

Commander "Soyuz-11" Died together with the rest of the crew of “Soyuz-11”, flight engineer V. N. Volkov and research engineer V. I. Patsaev, June 29, 1971, when returning to Earth due to depressurization of the descent vehicle

Died together with the rest of the crew of the “Soyuz-11”, commander G. T. Dobrovolsky and flight engineer V. N. Volkov, June 29, 1971, when returning to Earth due to depressurization of the descent vehicle

Flight engineer “Soyuz-12”, “Soyuz-18-1”, “Soyuz-27”, “Soyuz T-3” Starting with the “Soyuz-12” flight, September 27-29, 1973, on all Soviet and Russian spacecraft, cosmonauts began using modified light suits in case of depressurization and in order to avoid the repetition of the “Soyuz-11” tragedy. He was a member of the crew of “Soyuz-18-1”, which on April 5, 1975, due to a vehicle accident, made only a forced suborbital flight. On board the “Soyuz-27”, January 10 - March 16, 1978, made an expedition to the orbital scientific station “Salyut-6”, where by that time the first long-term crew consisting of Y. V. Romanenko and G. M. Grechko. In the "Soyuz T-3", November 27-December 10, 1980, on board which for the first time after the death of the crew "Soyuz-11" there were three people, made a flight to the station "Salyut-6"

Commander "Soyuz-13", "Soyuz-18-2", "Soyuz-30" Together with flight engineer V. V. Lebedev, he flew aboard the “Soyuz-13”, December 18-26, 1973, during which the first super-power stellar chromosphere was detected with the help of the ultraviolet telescope “Orion-2”. He made a flight to the Salyut-4 station together with flight engineer V. I. Sevastyanov at “Soyuz-18-2” in 1975. On board the “Soyuz-30” on June 27-July 5, 1978, he flew as part of the Intercosmos program together with the cosmonaut from the Polish People's Republic, M. Hermaszewski

He was training for flights “Soyuz-19”, “Soyuz-16”, “Soyuz-19”, “Soyuz-22”, “Soyuz-35”, “ Soyuz T-4”. The engineer-cosmonaut of the Central Design Bureau (TsKBEM) in the period from 1972 to 1983. Has no experience of flying into space

As commander of the Soyuz-15 spacecraft, together with flight engineer L. S. Demin, he flew into space on August 26-28, 1974. As a result of the emergency, the flight was completed ahead of schedule.

Flight engineer “Soyuz-17”, “Soyuz-26”, “Soyuz T-14”. Together with the commander A. A. Gaburyov was a member of the crew of “Soyuz-17”, which made the expedition to the “Salyut-4” orbital station on January 11-February 9, 1975. On board the “Soyuz-26” with the commander of the ship Y. V. Romanenko, on December 10, 1977 - March 16, 1978, flew to the station “Salyut-6”, to which also docked “Soyuz-27”, a cargo transportation the “Progress-1” spacecraft and the “Soyuz-28” spaceship. December 20, 1977, made a spacewalk lasting 1 hour and 28 minutes. The third flight, at the age of 54, was performed on September 17-26, 1985 aboard the Soyuz T-14 to the “Salyut-7” station jointly with commander V. V. Vasyutin and cosmonaut researcher A. A. Volkov. For 13 years Grechko remained the oldest man in the USSR and Russia who had been in orbit

Flight engineer "Soyuz-21". From July 6 to August 24, 1976, he flew to the station "Salyut-5" jointly with B. V. Volynov

Flight engineer "Soyuz-23". On October 14-16, 1976, together with Commander V. D. Zudov, he flew to the “Salyut-5” station. Due to a technical problem during docking, the crew was forced to return to Earth

Commander “Soyuz-26”, “Soyuz-38”, “Soyuz TM-2”. December 10, 1977-January 16, 1978 with the flight engineer G. M. Grechko made an expedition to the orbital station “Salyut-6”. December 20, 1977, together with GM Grechko performed a spacewalk for 1 hour 28 minutes. The flight "Soyuz-38" was held on September 18-26, 1980 in the framework of the "Intercosmos" program together with the cosmonaut-researcher from Cuba Tamayo Mendes Arnaldo. The third flight, February 5-December 29, 1987, was held jointly with the flight engineer A. I. Laveikin to the orbital complex "Mir"

Flight engineer “Soyuz-29”, “Soyuz T-6”. As part of the “Soyuz-29” crew, together with commander V. V. Kovalenok, he flew to “Salyut-6” station from June 15 to September 3, 1978, where he spent 140 days, which was the longest space flight at that time. The second flight, June 24-July 2, 1982, was held together with the commander V. A. Dzhanibekov and the French cosmonaut-researcher Jean-Loup Chretien to the station “Salyut-7”

Commander of Soyuz-32, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-5. February 25, 1979 - August 19, 1979, 175 days 35 minutes 37 seconds, the longest flight at the time. On August 15, 1979, together with V. V. Ryumin, he made an unscheduled spacewalk for 1 hour 23 minutes. During the second flight, June 27 - November 23, 1983, with A. P. Aleksandrov, he made 2 spacewalks to save the Salyut-7 station. The third flight, August 29 - September 7, 1988, took place together with V. V. Polyakov and the Afghan cosmonaut Abdul-Ahad Momand to the Mir orbital station. Since 2001, he has been the President and Honorary President of the Lugansk community of Moscow ("Moscow Association "Lugan").

Flight engineer “Soyuz TM-7”, “Soyuz TM-12” Flight Specialist, “STS-60” Flight Specialist, “STS-88” Flight Specialist, “Soyuz TM-31” Flight Engineer, “Soyuz TMA-6” Commander. From October 2005 to June 2015 - the world record holder for the total time spent in space (803 days for six starts - as of October 11, 2005). Hero of the Soviet Union and the first Hero of the Russian Federation (one of four people awarded both titles). From November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989, together with commander A. A. Volkov and French cosmonaut-researcher Jean-Loup Chretien, he made an expedition to the “Mir” station. May 18-October 10, 1991 as part of the “Soyuz TM-12” crew: commander Anatoly Artsebarsky and British woman astronaut Helen Sharman. During the expedition, I performed six spacewalks. The third flight, February 3-11, 1994, was part of a joint US-Russian program on the Discovery shuttle S. K. Krikalev became the first Russian cosmonaut to make a flight on the American shuttle. On December 4-16, 1998, he was a member of the crew of the shuttle “Endeavor” STS-88 in the framework of the first construction mission carried out by NASA in the program of assembling the International Space Station. Together with the commander of the shuttle R. Kabana S. K. Krikalev first opened the hatch in the ISS. As part of the fifth flight from November 2, 2000 to March 19, 2001 was on the International Space Station. The sixth flight was held on April 15 - October 11, 2005. In this flight S. K. Krikalev was the commander of the ship for the first time. During the expedition on August 18, 2005, he carried out the eighth spacewalk of 4 hours 57 minutes