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Tobolsk Viceroyalty established
The Tobolsk Viceroyalty was established by a personal decree of January 19 (30), 1782 No. 15327 "On the establishment of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty from two regions, Tobolsk and Tomsk, and on the division of these into districts" in the territory of the liquidated Tobolsk province. Its emergence was a consequence of the management reform carried out in Russia in 1775, as a result of which, until 1797, the institution of governorship became the highest form of administrative-territorial association, similar to the governorship general. Tobolsk Region included Tobolsk, Turinsky, Tarsky, Omsk, Berezovsky, Tyumensky, Yalutorovsky, Kurgan, Ishim and Surgut districts. Tomsk Oblast included Tomsk, Kainsky, Narymsky, Achinsky, Yeniseisky and Turukhansky districts.
Tobolsk governorship was merged with Perm governorship under the authority of the governor-general, in whose hands all the threads of economic, police and judicial management were concentrated. He possessed full administrative and military power in the territory entrusted to him. E. P. Kashkin was appointed the first Perm and Tobolsk governor-general.
Under the chairmanship of the governor-general, a governor's board was created in the state of Perm governorship, and in Tobolsk governorship - a provincial government headed by the governor. In the sources of 1783-1796 Tobolsk provincial government is called the “governorship”, and the governor is called the “governor of the governorship”. The governor was appointed by the empress, and the governor's government was recognized as an organ of the Senate. The tasks of the board included general management of the province-governorship, promulgation of laws and decrees, supervision over their implementation, control over the activities of all lower administrative institutions.
The first ruler of the Tobolsk viceroyalty was the Tobolsk governor G. M. Osipov. From 1787 to 1796 this position was held by A. V. Alyabyev.
The viceroyalty included an auxiliary administrative and police institution - an order of public charity, in charge of which issues of organizing public education, health care, charity, restraining and work houses were transferred. The order was also in charge of censorship and distribution of books published in Western Siberia.
In the districts that were part of Tobolsk governorship, the administrative, police and executive power was concentrated in the hands of the lower zemstvo courts, which were headed by zemstvo police officers. Zemsky courts were subordinate to the governorship and decisions of the chambers.
The Tobolsk viceroyalty occupied an area of 5 million square versts There were 16 cities, 16 forts and suburbs, 42 graveyards, 43 settlements, 124 villages, 10 fortresses, 5 monasteries, 18 outposts, stanzas and redoubts, 2994 villages and winter quarters, 1232 paula and yurts of the Gentiles, 72 landowners' estates, 6 state and 14 private manufacturing establishments. The governorship included 224 volosts of Russian settlers and 156 volosts of other religions. The population of the governorship was represented by the following national and ethnic groups: Russians, Tatars, Bukharians, Ostyaks, Voguls, Samoyeds, Tungus, Chapogirs and Yakuts.
The Tobolsk viceroyalty was abolished in 1796 with the subsequent transformation into Tobolsk province.
Lit.: Абрамов А. О бывшем Тобольском наместничестве: 1782–1797 г. М, 1869; Административно-территориальное деление Тюменской области (XVII–XX вв.). Тюмень, 2003; Конев А. Ю. Тобольское наместничество // Большая Тюменская энциклопедия. Т. 3: Р–Я. Тюмень, 2004. С. 225–226; Описание Тобольского наместничества: [сборник] / сост. А. Д. Колесников. Новосибирск, 1982; Радищев А. И. Описание Тобольского наместничества // Тобольск и вся Сибирь: альманах. Тобольск, 2012. № 18: 425 лет Тобольску. С. 556–562; Солодова Т. Начало начал // Лик. 2013. № 5. С. 61–83; Шулинин Ю. А. От Ермака до Оленберга: хроника стольного града. Тюмень, 2010. С. 44, 429.
Based on the Presidential Library’s materials:
The article is based on the Tyumen branch of the Presidential Library